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Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is widely distributed in China, produced in Jilin, Hebei, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, and other places. It is also found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Siberia [5]. Gastrodia elata is distributed in mountainous areas of tropical, subtropical, temperate, and frigid zones, generally growing at altitudes of 400-3200 meters under sparse forests [5] [18]. It prefers cool and humid environments, and growth stops when the local temperature exceeds 30°C. Gastrodia elata has strong adaptability and can grow in general soil, preferably in sandy loam that is loose, well-drained, fertile, deep in soil layer, and rich in humus.
Gastrodia elata
The Tianma plant grows to a height of 30-100 centimeters, sometimes reaching up to 2 meters. The stem is upright and can be orange-yellow, yellow, gray-brown, etc. [5]. Stem The plant height is 30-100 centimeters, sometimes reaching up to 2 meters; the rhizome is thick, tuberous, oval to nearly dumbbell-shaped, fleshy, 8-12 centimeters long, 3-5 (-7) centimeters in diameter, sometimes larger, with denser nodes, and the nodes are covered with many triangular, broad oval sheaths. The stem is upright, orange-yellow, yellow, gray-brown, or blue-green, without green leaves, and the lower part is covered with several membranous sheaths [5]. Flowers The raceme is 5-30 (-50) centimeters long, usually with 30-50 flowers; the flower buds are long oval-lanceolate, 1-1.5 centimeters long, membranous; the flower stalk and ovary are 7-12 millimeters long, slightly shorter than the flower buds; the flowers are twisted, orange-yellow, light yellow, blue-green, or yellow-white, nearly upright; the perianth tube formed by the sepals and petals is about 1 centimeter long, 5-7 millimeters in diameter, nearly oblique oval cylindrical, with 5 lobes at the top, but the opening at the front, where the two lateral sepals are fused, is deep to 5 millimeters, and the base of the tube protrudes forward; the outer lobes (the free part of the sepals) are oval-triangular, with a blunt tip; the inner lobes (the free part of the petals) are nearly long oval, smaller; the lip is long oval-shaped, 6-7 millimeters long, 3-4 millimeters wide, 3-lobed, with the base attached to the end of the column and the inner wall of the perianth tube, and has a pair of fleshy calluses, the upper part is free, with papillae on top, and the edges have irregular short fringes; the column is 5-7 millimeters long, with a short column foot [5].
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