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Mountain bean root
Euchresta japonica Benth. ex Oliv. is a climbing shrub of the genus Euchresta in the legume family. It rarely branches, with small leaves that are oval-shaped and have inconspicuous lateral veins; the raceme is 6-10 cm long, with flower stalks covered in short soft hairs, small bracts that are drill-shaped and tiny, the corolla is white, with a blunt round tip that is not indented, the base is sparsely covered with short soft hairs, the petal stalks are curled and linear, the upper half of the keel petal is fused, and there are small ears at the base; the ovary is flattened oval or linear, and the pod is oval-shaped with a fine point at the top, black and smooth. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from July to August. The name Euchresta japonica first appeared in the "Kaibao Materia Medica".
Euchresta japonica is found in Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang in China, and is also distributed in Japan, often existing at altitudes of 800-1350 meters; the distribution area of Euchresta japonica is relatively narrow, with strict requirements for the growth environment, preferring high temperatures, mainly growing at the foot of rocky mountains, in rock crevices, or at the edges of shrub forests; the propagation methods are generally seed propagation and cutting propagation. Euchresta japonica is a level II plant in the "National Key Protected Wild Plant Directory."
Euchresta japonica is bitter and cold. It belongs to the lung and stomach meridians, beneficial for clearing heat and detoxifying, relieving sore throat and swelling, and is used to treat symptoms such as fire toxicity accumulation, throat phlegm, sore throat, gum swelling, and mouth and tongue ulcers; records of the toxicity of Euchresta japonica first appeared in the 1985 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"; the bitter seeds of Euchresta japonica have an oil content of 16.94%, which can be used for oil extraction in industry, the fibers can be used as a substitute for hemp, and can also be used as raw material for papermaking, the stems can be used for weaving, and can serve as linear floral materials in floral arrangements, having certain economic value; its leaves are sword-shaped, and when flowering, the numerous white flowers droop like bells, presenting a beautiful posture, with a long flowering period, making it an ornamental tree for gardens and also a material for fresh cut flowers.
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