Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata Blume, commonly known as Tianma, is a plant in the orchid family. It is also known as divine grass, red arrow, white dragon skin, and mountain yam. The plant height ranges from 30 to 100 centimeters, sometimes reaching up to 2 meters. The rhizome is thick, tuberous, oval to nearly dumbbell-shaped, and fleshy. The stem is erect, orange-yellow, yellow, gray-brown, or blue-green, without green leaves, and the lower part is covered with several membranous sheaths. The raceme is 5-30 (up to 50) centimeters long, usually with 30-50 flowers. The capsule is inverted oval-shaped, 1.4-1.8 centimeters long and 8-9 millimeters wide. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July. Tianma is widely distributed in China, found in Jilin, Hebei, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions. It is also found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Siberia. Tianma grows in mountainous areas of tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cold regions, generally at altitudes of 400-3200 meters. It prefers cool and humid environments and stops growing when local temperatures exceed 30°C. Tianma has strong adaptability and can grow in general soil, but it thrives in sandy loam that is loose, well-drained, fertile, deep, and rich in humus. Data is being organized...
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Gastrodia elata Blume, commonly known as Tianma, is a plant in the orchid family. It is also known as divine grass, red arrow, white dragon skin, and mountain yam. The plant height ranges from 30 to 100 centimeters, and can sometimes reach up to 2 meters. The rhizome is thick, tuberous, oval to nearly dumbbell-shaped, and fleshy. The stem is erect, orange-yellow, yellow, gray-brown, or blue-green, without green leaves, and the lower part is covered with several membranous sheaths. The raceme is 5-30 (up to 50) centimeters long, usually with 30-50 flowers. The capsule is inverted ovate-elliptical, 1.4-1.8 centimeters long and 8-9 millimeters wide. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July. Tianma is widely distributed in China, found in Jilin, Hebei, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, and other regions. It is also found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Siberia. Tianma grows in mountainous areas of tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cold regions, generally at altitudes of 400-3200 meters under sparse forests. It prefers cool and humid environments and stops growing when local temperatures exceed 30°C. Tianma has strong adaptability and can grow in general soil, but it is best suited to loose, well-drained, fertile sandy loam with a deep soil layer rich in humus.
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Key words:
Yilin agriculture, Chinese herbal medicine planting, ecological breeding
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