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How to improve the germination rate of Huangjing seeds or rhizomes?
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News Information
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Release time:
2023-01-02 09:02
Polygonatum is mostly wild, but there are also cultivated varieties. Its original plants are mainly divided into three types: Polygonatum, multi-flowered Polygonatum, and Yunnan Polygonatum. The scattered vascular bundles are mostly small dots, hard and tough in texture, with a cross-section that is light yellow to yellow, waxy, with a slight caramel aroma, sweet in taste, and chewy.
Polygonatum is mostly wild, but there are also cultivated varieties. The main species of the original plant are Polygonatum, multi-flowered Polygonatum, and Yunnan Polygonatum. The scattered vascular bundles are mostly small dots, hard and tough, with a cross-section that is light yellow to yellow, waxy, with a slight caramel aroma, sweet taste, and a sticky texture when chewed. The seeds of Polygonatum are spherical, hard, with a distinct hilum, dark brown in color, and weigh about 33g per thousand seeds. Seeds stored in a dry environment at room temperature have a low germination rate, while seeds stored in low-temperature sand and frozen sand have a high germination rate, which is beneficial for embryo development, breaking seed dormancy, shortening germination time, and achieving uniform germination. The suitable germination temperature for the seeds is 25-27 degrees Celsius. The germination rate is 62% when stored dry at room temperature, and it can reach up to 96% when mixed with moist sand and stored at 1-7°C. So how can we improve the germination rate of Polygonatum seeds?
Chengdu Polygonatum seeds
1. Choose relatively moist and fertile land in the forest or mountainous areas, with forest edge land being suitable. When preparing the land, plow the soil deeper than 30cm, level it, and create beds that are 1.2m wide and 10-15m long, with the bed surface raised 10-15cm above the ground. Apply sufficient base fertilizer in the beds, using 4000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre, evenly mixed into the bed soil, then plow again to a depth of 30cm to fully mix the fertilizer and soil, and then level it again before sowing.
2. Polygonatum propagation can be done through seed propagation or rhizome propagation.
(1) Seed propagation: Select robust, disease-free two-year-old plants for seed retention, strengthen field management, collect berries in the autumn when they turn black and mature, and before winter, treat the retained plants with moist sand at low temperatures. Dig a deep pit in a sunny, sheltered area, 40cm deep and 30cm wide. Mix 1 part seeds with 3 parts fine sand thoroughly, ensuring the sand is moist enough to form clumps when squeezed by hand but falls apart when dropped, and does not drip water between fingers. Place the mixed moist sand in the pit, with a high straw in the center for ventilation, then cover with fine sand to keep the pit moist. In early April of the following spring, take out the seeds, sift out the moist sand, and sow them in the prepared seedbed, opening furrows 15cm apart and 3-5cm deep. Evenly sow the treated germinated seeds in the furrows, covering with 2.5-3cm of soil, slightly pressing down, and keeping the soil moist. For poorly drained land, water thoroughly after sowing, then insert arching strips and cover with plastic film to enhance management of the arching seedbed, ensuring timely ventilation and seedling hardening. When the seedlings reach 3cm in height, open during the day and cover at night, gradually removing the arching.
(2) Rhizome propagation: In the seed retention field, select robust, disease-free plants. In autumn or early spring, dig up the rhizomes. If dug in autumn, they should be properly stored; if dug in early spring, directly plant 5-7cm long segments with 2-3 nodes. For propagation, soak the rhizomes in a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 1000 times for 6 hours, then soak in a 2000 times diluted naphthylacetic acid solution for 30 minutes and air dry in the shade before planting. Spring planting should be done in early April. On the prepared bed surface, open furrows 25cm apart and 8-10cm deep, placing the seed roots with the buds facing up, laying one segment every 10-12cm, covering with 5-6cm of fine soil, and pressing down firmly. For poorly drained fields, water thoroughly after planting. In northern regions, transplanting is usually done in early April. In the prepared planting area, dig holes 30cm apart and 15cm apart, 15cm deep, loosening and leveling the bottom of the holes, applying 3000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50kg of compound fertilizer, and 2 bags of Jiamai Hongli per acre. Then, plant 2 seedlings in each hole, cover with soil and press down firmly, and water thoroughly once before sealing the holes to ensure survival rate.
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